Metformin HCL is an oral medication primarily prescribed to help people with type 2 diabetes lower their blood sugar levels. This medication, also sold as Fortamet, Glucophage XR, and Glumetza, comes in an extended-release formula, which makes it easier on the gastrointestinal tract, offering a more convenient and efficient treatment option. Metformin HCL works by increasing the muscle cells' insulin sensitivity, allowing more glucose to enter the cells and reducing the amount of glucose produced by the liver, thereby lowering blood sugar levels around the clock.

While it's typically very effective with very few side effects, common side effects may include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, gas, and abdominal pain, especially when first starting the medication. Long-term use may also lead to vitamin B12 deficiency and anemia, and in extreme cases, metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) is a rare, but potentially fatal, side effect. Overall, metformin HCL is a highly recommended first-line medication for managing type 2 diabetes