The National Science Foundation (NSF) is an independent agency of the United States government that supports fundamental research and education in all fields of science and engineering. It was established by the National Science Foundation Act of 1950, signed into law by President Harry S. Truman. The NSF is headquartered in Alexandria, Virginia, near Washington, D.C. The primary mission of the NSF is to promote the progress of science and advance national health, welfare, and defense. It achieves this by funding researchers, institutions, and projects that are at the forefront of scientific discovery and technological innovation. The NSF provides grants and funding opportunities to support research in various disciplines, including biology, computer science, engineering, mathematics, and social sciences. On a global scale, the NSF collaborates with other countries and organizations to foster international research partnerships and promote scientific cooperation. The agency actively participates in global research initiatives and supports international collaborations through various programs. It also operates several international offices and has established partnerships with foreign funding agencies. The NSF does not have any subsidiaries or joint ventures but collaborates with other U.S. It also works closely with universities, research institutions, and industry partners to support the translation of scientific discoveries into practical applications. In terms of market position, the NSF is a leading funder of scientific research in the United States. It is renowned for its rigorous peer-review process and support for groundbreaking research. The agency's funding has contributed to numerous significant scientific breakthroughs and technological advancements. In recent years, the NSF has emphasized research in emerging fields, such as artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and renewable energy. It has also increased its focus on diversity, equity, and inclusion in science and engineering. As of the latest information available, the NSF continues to play a vital role in supporting scientific research and education in the United States. It remains committed to advancing knowledge and innovation to address societal challenges and improve the well-being of the nation.