Wilton Rancheria is a federally recognized tribe that was terminated in 1959 but regained its recognition in 2009. The tribe adopted a modern constitution in 2011 and since then has been committed to developing its tribal government. The government of Wilton Rancheria encompasses four branches: General Council, Executive branch, Legislative branch, and Judicial branch.

The General Council allows all eligible voters of Wilton Rancheria to participate and has powers such as proposing and approving amendments to the constitution, as well as removing tribal officials. Meetings are held annually and as needed. The Executive branch is led by the Chairperson and Vice Chairperson, who administer various departments, including Education, Elders, Enrollment, Cultural Rights/Environmental Protection, Health, Housing, and Indian Child Welfare.

The Chairperson's powers include administering departments and proposing legislation, while the Vice-Chairperson has responsibilities such as casting tie-breaking votes and maintaining records. Both positions serve staggered four-year terms and are elected by eligible voters. The Legislative branch consists of the Tribal Council, which selects a Spokesperson to preside over meetings.

The Council has powers such as making laws, approving budgets, and promoting public health and education. Council members serve staggered four-year terms and are elected by eligible voters. The Judicial branch is the Tribal Court, which has jurisdiction over all cases and controversies arising under the tribe's constitution, laws, customs, and traditions.

While the Tribal Court has not yet been implemented, the framework for its structure has been established. Tribal Court Judges serve four-year terms and must be licensed to practice law in any state. The Traditional Court advises the Tribal Court on matters of custom and tradition, ensuring that the tribe's cultural values are upheld in the decision-making process.

Wilton Rancheria aims to preserve its cultural identity and provide essential services to tribal members through its well-organized tribal government structure