Minnesota's railroads play a crucial role in the state's transportation network, encompassing both freight and passenger rail services. With 4,444 route miles serviced by 21 railroad companies, Minnesota's freight rail system efficiently delivers goods to major industries within and beyond state borders. This system provides vital connections to markets across North America and the world, including access to seaports on the Pacific and Atlantic coasts and the Great Lakes.

The state is currently updating its comprehensive State Rail Plan to enhance the efficiency and development of its rail network. Initiatives include prioritizing rail corridors, programs, and projects aimed at improving both freight and passenger travel. Passenger rail services in Minnesota include the Amtrak Empire Builder and plans for additional intercity services between the Twin Cities and surrounding areas. Furthermore, rail transit services such as Light Rail Transit and commuter rail offer convenient transportation options for urban commuters.