The Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) is an intergovernmental partnership of 10 Nile Basin countries, with Eritrea participating as an observer. Established in 1999, the NBI aims to achieve sustainable socio-economic development through the equitable utilization of, and benefit from, the common Nile Basin water resources. The NBI Secretariat (Nile-SEC) is the executive and technical arm of the organization, based in Entebbe, Uganda, responsible for corporate direction and leading programs on Basin Cooperation and Water Resource Management. Additionally, the NBI has subsidiary institutions like the Nile Equatorial Lakes Subsidiary Action Program Coordination Unit (NELSAP-CU) and the Eastern Nile Technical Regional Office (ENTRO) to further their objectives.

The NBI engages in various areas of action, including transboundary policies, knowledge platforms, climate services, and investments. It offers a wealth of technical documents, publications, and maps on its Knowledge Hub, keeping stakeholders informed and connected. The organization also hosts events such as the Nile Basin Development Forum, advocating for transboundary water cooperation and sustainable environmental practices. Through its initiatives, the NBI continues to embody its vision of 'One River, One People, One Vision.'