Ship and Rail Compensation Canada serves as a vital support hub for individuals and communities impacted by oil spills from maritime vessels and significant rail incidents involving crude oil. Created in response to past environmental and human disasters, such as the S.S. Arrow and Lac-Mégantic derailments, the organization is dedicated to ensuring that victims and responders receive fair financial compensation without placing the burden on taxpayers. They manage two primary funds: the Ship Fund and the Rail Fund, each with its own claims process and eligibility criteria, detailed in federal legislation.

With a thorough commitment to diversity, equity, and inclusion, Ship and Rail Compensation Canada partners with public institutions, Indigenous communities, and NGOs to foster accessible support for all affected parties. The organization aims to provide timely and efficient compensation and maintain transparency through clear communication. Independent from the Government of Canada, it functions as an administrative tribunal, ensuring that claims are assessed through a reasoned and evidence-based approach.