The Threatened Species Index (TSX) is a pioneering initiative managed by the Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (TERN) at The University of Queensland. It serves as the first comprehensive tool in Australia for tracking the population trends of threatened and near-threatened species across national, state, and regional levels. By leveraging innovative methodologies based on the Living Planet Index, the TSX allows users—including policymakers, conservation managers, and the public—to gain critical insights into the changing dynamics of biodiversity.

The index is populated with data on various species, including threatened birds, mammals, and plants, with future expansions planned. It provides a platform for downloading and analyzing trends, facilitating informed decision-making regarding conservation strategies and investments. Supported by the Australian Government's Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, the TSX not only highlights which species are thriving or declining but also aids in justifying conservation efforts and raising public awareness about Australia's vulnerable wildlife.