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Hepatitis C, also known as viral hepatitis, is a contagious liver disease caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). It poses a significant public health challenge, particularly in the Czech Republic, where approximately 50,000 individuals are affected, many of whom are unaware of their condition. The primary transmission route is through infected blood, making populations such as intravenous drug users particularly vulnerable due to shared needles.

Unlike hepatitis A and B, no vaccine exists for hepatitis C; protection relies on avoiding high-risk behaviors, including unsterilized tattooing and piercing practices. If left untreated, hepatitis C can progress to severe liver damage, including cirrhosis and potential liver cancer.

Diagnosis typically begins with antibody screening and may include advanced tests such as PCR to detect the presence of the virus and evaluate liver health. Recent advancements in treatment have transformed care approaches, favoring orally administered direct-acting antiviral therapies that enhance recovery prospects, ensuring more individuals have access to effective management and support.